Jean Francis - Lyotard

He suggests that grand narratives like religion, science, marxism and capitalism no longer have the same importance in our lives, the concept of progress and the arts, technology, medicine, and knowledge would progress to a greater good is now seen to be questionable. 

He rejects what he called 'grand narratives' or universal 'meta narratives', he rejects that everything is knowable by science or that as history moves forward in time, humanity makes progress, he would reject universal 'political solutions' such as communism and capitalism, he also rejects he idea of absolute freedom.

In studying media texts it is also possible to apply this thinking to a rejection of western moralistic narratives of hollywood films where good triumphs over evil, or where violence and exploitation are suppressed for the sake of public decency. 

Lyotard prefers micro narratives that can go in any direction, that reflect diversity, that are unpredictable.